What Crime Was Eugene Debs Accused Of Committing In 1918?

What crime was Eugene Debs accused of committing in 1918? He distributed leaflets urging a speedy end to World War I. He gave a speech praising men wh … o refused to serve in the military. He refused to register for the draft when he turned 18.Eugene V. Debs, labor organizer and Socialist Party candidate for U.S. president five times between What was Eugene V. Debs's early life like? He was released from prison by presidential order in 1921; however, his U.S. citizenship, which he lost when he was convicted of sedition in 1918, was...Eugene Debs June 15, 2018. Eugene Debs set free from prison on Christmas Day, 1921. (Photo via Library of Congress). On June 16, 1918 — in the midst of World War I — socialist leader Eugene Debs gave a stirring anti-war speech in Canton, Ohio at a meeting of the local Socialist Party.Eugene List was born on July 6, 1918, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA. The cast of The Vortex - 1918 includes: Eugene Burr as Albert Dunning George Hernandez as Lew Herford Wilbur Higby as Henry Meredith Joe King as Lorimer Van Cleefe Myrtle Rishell as Hilda Herford Mary Warren as Joan...Clearly, 2020 has been unlike any previous year in the last century or so. The world is currently battling against an infodemic of propaganda spewing from the corporate media and official health authorities. Yes, people are sick and dying....

Eugene V. Debs | Biography & Facts | Britannica

What crime was Eugene Debs accused of committing in 1918? He gave a speech praising men who refused to serve in the military. Feelings of resentment toward those who were not native citizens rose during World War I. This was known as.Eugene Victo Debs was an American Political and Social activist born on 5th November 1855. He was the founding member of the Industrial Workers of As a consequence of his speech, he was arrested in 1918 under the conviction of the Sedation act of 1918 and was sentenced imprisonment of ten years.Eugene Victor "Gene" Debs (November 5, 1855 - October 20, 1926) was an American labor leader, Socialist politician and candidate for president in five elections 1900-1920; his strongest showing was in 1912.What Crime Was Eugene Debs Accused Of Committing In 1918? (Correct Answer Below).

In 1918, Socialist Leader Eugene Debs Gave This... - In These Times

Annotation: In the article the reasons and conditions are analyzed, which force hand the minors to commit crimes. The author considers the influence micro factors (family, school, and entourage) and macro factors (social-economic situation, cultural and moral aspects and legal aspects).Eugene Debs had led historic strikes and run for president four times on the Socialist Party ticket, But the renowned orator Those were dangerous words in June 1918. World War I was nearing its climax, with American soldiers fighting their first major battles, resisting Germany's all-out drive toward Paris.Eugene Victor Debs was born in in Terre Haute, Indiana, on 5th November, 1855. His parents, Jean Daniel and Marguerite Marie Bettrich Debs, both immigrated to the United States from Colmar, in the Alsace region of France. Debs left school at the age of 14 and found work as a painter in a railroad...Before it became a dirty word, socialism was relatively popular in the United States. So, what happened?Eugene Debs speaking to a crowd in Canton, Ohio. In the Middle Ages when the feudal lords . . .concluded to enlarge their domains, to increase their power, their prestige and their wealth they declared war upon one another. But they themselves did not go to war any more than the modern...

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Eugene DebsDebs c. 1912Member of the Indiana Senatefrom the eighth districtIn office1885–1887City Clerk of Terre Haute, IndianaIn office1879–1883Personal detailsBornEugene Victor DebsNovember 5, 1855Terre Haute, Indiana, U.S.DiedOctober 20, 1926 (aged 70)Elmhurst, Illinois, U.S.Political occasionDemocratic (prior to 1894)Social Democracy (1897–1898)Social Democratic (1898–1901)Socialist (1901–1926)Spouse(s)Kate Metzel ​ ​(m. 1885; his death 1926)​ SignaturePart of a chain onSocialism inthe United States HistoryUtopian socialism Bishop Hill Commune Brook Farm Icarians Looking Backward New Harmony Oneida Community

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Eugene Victor "Gene" Debs (November 5, 1855 – October 20, 1926) was an American socialist, political activist, business unionist, one of the founding participants of the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) ("Wobblies") and 5 instances the candidate of the Socialist Party of America for President of the United States.[1] Through his presidential candidacies as well as his paintings with exertions actions, Debs ultimately changed into one of the best-known socialists living in the United States.

Early in his political career, Debs was a member of the Democratic Party. He was elected as a Democrat to the Indiana General Assembly in 1884. After operating with a number of smaller unions, including the Brotherhood of Locomotive Firemen, Debs led his union in a significant ten-month strike in opposition to the CB&Q Railroad in 1888. Debs was instrumental in the founding of the American Railway Union (ARU), one of the country's first business unions. After staff on the Pullman Palace Car Company arranged a wildcat strike over pay cuts in the summer season of 1894, Debs signed many into the ARU. He led a boycott via the ARU in opposition to dealing with trains with Pullman cars in what turned into the nationwide Pullman Strike, affecting maximum lines west of Detroit and more than 250,000 staff in 27 states. Purportedly to stay the mail working, President Grover Cleveland used the United States Army to damage the strike. As a leader of the ARU, Debs was convicted of federal charges for defying a courtroom injunction towards the strike and served six months in prison.

In jail, Debs learn quite a lot of works of socialist idea and emerged six months later as a dedicated adherent of the international socialist movement. Debs was a founding member of the Social Democracy of America (1897), the Social Democratic Party of America (1898) and the Socialist Party of America (1901). Debs ran as a Socialist candidate for President of the United States 5 occasions, including 1900 (incomes 0.6% of the preferred vote), 1904 (3.0%), 1908 (2.8%), 1912 (6.0%) and 1920 (3.4%), the final time from a jail cellular. He was also a candidate for United States Congress from his local state Indiana in 1916.

Debs was famous for his oratory talents, and his speech denouncing American participation in World War I led to his 2nd arrest in 1918. He was convicted underneath the Sedition Act of 1918 and sentenced to a time period of 10 years. President Warren G. Harding commuted his sentence in December 1921. Debs died in 1926, not lengthy after being admitted to a sanatorium due to cardiovascular problems that advanced all over his time in prison.

Biography

Early life

Eugene Victor "Gene" Debs was born on November 5, 1855, in Terre Haute, Indiana, to Jean Daniel and Marguerite Mari Bettrich Debs, who immigrated to the United States from Colmar, Alsace, France. His father, who got here from a wealthy family, owned a textile mill and meat marketplace. Debs was named after the French authors Eugène Sue and Victor Hugo.[2]

Debs attended public school, chucking up the sponge of highschool at age 14.[3] He took a task with the Vandalia Railroad cleansing grease from the vehicles of freight engines for fifty cents an afternoon. He later changed into a painter and automobile cleaner in the railroad shops.[3] In December 1871, when a drunken locomotive fireman did not record for work, Debs was pressed into provider as a night fireman. He made up our minds to remain a fireman at the run between Terre Haute and Indianapolis, earning more than a dollar an evening for the next 3 and part years.[3]

In July 1875, Debs left to paintings at a wholesale grocery area, the place he remained for four years[3] while attending a local trade faculty at evening.[4]

Debs joined the Brotherhood of Locomotive Firemen (BLF) in February 1875 and changed into energetic in the group. In 1877 he served as a delegate of the Terre Haute lodge to the group's nationwide conference.[3] Debs was elected affiliate editor of the BLF's per thirty days organ, Firemen's Magazine, in 1878. Two years later, he was appointed Grand Secretary and Treasurer of the BLF and editor of the magazine in July 1880.[3] He worked as a BLF functionary until January 1893 and because the mag's editor until September 1894.[3]

At the same time, he changed into a distinguished figure in the group. He served two terms as Terre Haute's city clerk from September 1879 to September 1883.[3] In the fall of 1884, he was elected to the Indiana Senate as a Democrat, serving for one time period.[4]

Marriage and circle of relatives

Debs married Kate Metzel on June 9, 1885.[4]Their home still stands in Terre Haute, preserved on the campus of Indiana State University.

Labor activism

The railroad brotherhoods have been comparatively conservative organizations, interested by providing fellowship and products and services slightly than on collective bargaining. Their motto was "Benevolence, Sobriety, and Industry". As editor of the legitimate journal of the Brotherhood of Locomotive Firemen, Debs to start with targeting improving the Brotherhood's loss of life and disability insurance coverage programs. During the early 1880s, Debs' writing stressed themes of self-upliftment: temperance, exhausting work, and honesty. Debs also held the view that "labor and capital are friends" and adversarial strikes as a means of settling variations. The Brotherhood had by no means licensed a strike from its founding in 1873 to 1887, a record which Debs was proud of. Railroad corporations cultivated the Brotherhood and granted them perks like loose transportation to their conventions for the delegates. Debs also invited railroad president Henry C. Lord to write down for the magazine. Summarizing Debs' concept in this period, historian David A. Shannon wrote: "Debs's desideratum was one of peace and co-operation between labor and capital, but he expected management to treat labor with respect, honor and social equality".[5]

Debs progressively became satisfied of the desire for a extra unified and confrontational means as railroads had been powerful forces in the economic system. One affect was his involvement in the Burlington Railroad Strike of 1888, a defeat for exertions that convinced Debs of the need of organizing along craft lines.[6] After stepping down as Brotherhood Grand Secretary in 1893, Debs arranged one of the primary commercial unions in the United States, the American Railway Union (ARU), for unskilled workers. He was elected president of the ARU upon its founding, with fellow railway exertions organizer George W. Howard as first vp.[7] The Union successfully struck the Great Northern Railway in April 1894, winning most of its demands.

Pullman Strike Striking American Railway Union (ARU) individuals confront Illinois National Guard troops in Chicago all through Debs' revolt in 1894

In 1894, Debs was involved in the Pullman Strike, which grew out of a repayment dispute began by the employees who built the rail vehicles made through the Pullman Palace Car Company. The Pullman Company, mentioning falling earnings after the economic Panic of 1893, had cut the wages of its employees by means of 28%. The staff, many of whom have been already contributors of the ARU, appealed for reinforce to the union at its convention in Chicago, Illinois.[1] Debs tried to influence union individuals, who labored on the railways, that the boycott was too dangerous; given the hostility of the railways and the government, the weak spot of the union and the likelihood that other unions would damage the strike.

The club not noted his warnings and refused to deal with Pullman vehicles or any other railroad automobiles hooked up to them, including cars containing U.S. Mail.[8] After ARU Board Director Martin J. Elliott extended the strike to St. Louis, doubling its length to 80,000 workers, Debs relented and made up our minds to participate in the strike, which was now counseled through almost all participants of the ARU in the immediate area of Chicago.[9] On July 9, 1894, a New York Times editorial known as Debs "a lawbreaker at large, an enemy of the human race".[10][11] Strikers fought by way of establishing boycotts of Pullman educate vehicles and with Debs' eventual leadership the strike got here to be known as "Debs' Rebellion".[2]

The federal executive intervened, obtaining an injunction in opposition to the strike on the grounds that the strikers had obstructed the US Mail, carried on Pullman cars, through refusing to turn up for work. President Grover Cleveland, whom Debs had supported in all 3 of his presidential campaigns, sent the United States Army to implement the injunction.[12] The presence of the military was sufficient to break the strike. Overall, 30 strikers have been killed in the strike, 13 of them in Chicago, and 1000's have been blacklisted.[2][13]:154 An estimated $Eighty million value of assets was damaged and Debs was found guilty of contempt of court docket for violating the injunction and despatched to federal prison.[2]

Debs was represented by Clarence Darrow, later a number one American attorney and civil libertarian, who had up to now been a company lawyer for the railroad corporate. While it's usually thought that Darrow "switched sides" to represent Debs, a myth repeated by way of Irving Stone's biography, Clarence Darrow For the Defense, he had in truth resigned from the railroad previous, after the loss of life of his mentor William Goudy.[14] A Supreme Court case decision, In re Debs, later upheld the best of the federal government to issue the injunction.

Socialist chief

Rogers, Elliott, Keliher, Hogan, Burns, Goodwin and Debs, the seven ARU officers jailed following the loss of the 1894 Pullman Strike

At the time of his arrest for mail obstruction, Debs was not yet a socialist. While serving his six-month term in the prison at Woodstock, Illinois, Debs and his ARU comrades gained a gradual stream of letters, books and pamphlets in the mail from socialists around the country.[15] Debs recalled a number of years later:

I started to read and assume and dissect the anatomy of the system in which workingmen, on the other hand arranged, may well be shattered and battered and splintered at a unmarried stroke. The writings of Bellamy and Blatchford early appealed to me. The Cooperative Commonwealth of Gronlund additionally inspired me, but the writings of Kautsky had been so clear and conclusive that I readily grasped, no longer merely his argument, but in addition stuck the spirit of his socialist utterance – and I thank him and all who helped me out of darkness into light.[15]

Additionally, Debs was visited in jail via Milwaukee socialist newspaper editor Victor L. Berger, who in Debs' phrases "came to Woodstock, as if a providential instrument, and delivered the first impassioned message of Socialism I had ever heard".[15] In his 1926 obituary in Time, it was said that Berger left him a replica of Das Kapital and "prisoner Debs read it slowly, eagerly, ravenously".[16] Debs emerged from prison on the finish of his sentence a modified guy. He would spend the final 3 decades of his lifestyles proselytizing for the socialist purpose.

After Debs and Martin Elliott were launched from prison in 1895, Debs began his socialist political career. Debs persuaded ARU membership to sign up for with the Brotherhood of the Cooperative Commonwealth to discovered the Social Democracy of America.

Debs' wife Kate was adverse to socialism.[17] The "tempestuous relationship with a wife who rejects the very values he holds most dear" was the root of Irving Stone's biographical novel Adversary in the House.[18]

Split to found the Social Democratic Party

The Social Democracy of America (SDA), founded in 1897 by Eugene V. Debs from the remnants of his American Railway Union, was deeply divided between those who favored a tactic of launching a series of colonies to build socialism by means of sensible example and others who favored establishment of a European-style socialist political celebration with a view to seize of the government apparatus during the ballot field.

The June 1898 conference will be the crew's last, with the minority political motion wing quitting the group to determine a brand new organization, the Social Democratic Party of America (SDP), also known as the Social Democratic Party of the United States.[19] Debs was elected to the National Executive Board, the five-member committee which governed the get together,[20] and his brother, Theodore Debs, was selected as its paid govt secretary, dealing with day-to-day affairs of the group.[21] Although in no way the sole decision-maker in the organization, Debs' status as distinguished public figure in the aftermath of the Pullman strike equipped cachet and made him the known spokesman for the celebration in the newspapers.

Campaign poster from his 1912 presidential marketing campaign that includes Debs and vice presidential candidate Emil Seidel Presidential elections

Along with Elliott, who ran for Congress in 1900, Debs was the primary federal place of job candidate for the fledgling socialist get together, operating unsuccessfully for president the similar yr.[22] Debs and his operating mate Job Harriman received 87,945 votes (0.6% of the popular vote) and no electoral votes.[23]

Following the 1900 Election, the Social Democratic Party and dissidents who had cut up from the Socialist Labor Party in 1899 unified forces at a Socialist Unity Convention held in Indianapolis in mid-1901—a gathering which established the Socialist Party of America (SPA).[19]

Debs was the Socialist Party of America candidate for president in 1904, 1908, 1912 and 1920 (the final time from jail). Though he gained increasing numbers of widespread votes in each and every subsequent election, he by no means received any votes in the Electoral College. [24][25][26][27] In each 1904 and 1908, Debs ran with running-mate Ben Hanford. They won 402,810 votes in 1904, for three.0% of the popular vote, and an overall third-place end.[24] In the 1908 election, they won a fairly upper quantity of votes (420,852) than in their earlier run, but at 2.8%, a smaller share of the full votes solid.[25] In 1912, Debs ran with Emil Seidel as a operating mate, and gained 901,551 votes, which was 6.0% of the preferred vote. Though he received no state's electoral votes, in Florida, he came in 2nd behind Wilson and ahead of President William Howard Taft and previous President Teddy Roosevelt.[26] Finally, in 1920, running with Seymour Stedman, Debs received 913,693 votes, which stays the all time prime number of votes for a Socialist Party candidate. Notably, the Nineteenth Amendment passed in 1920, granting women the federal appropriate to vote, and with the expanded voting pool, his vote total accounted for handiest 3.4% of the entire number of votes forged.[27][28] The length of the vote is nonetheless exceptional since Debs was on the time a federal prisoner in jail for sedition, though he promised to pardon himself if elected.

Although he gained some success as a third-party candidate, Debs was largely dismissive of the electoral procedure as he distrusted the political bargains that Victor Berger and different "Sewer Socialists" had made in profitable local places of work. He put much more value on organizing staff into unions, favoring unions that introduced in combination all staff in a given business over the ones arranged by the craft skills workers practiced.

Founding the Industrial Workers of the World

After his work with the Brotherhood of Locomotive Firemen and the American Railway Union, Debs' next primary work in organizing a exertions union came right through the founding of the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW). On June 27, 1905 in Chicago, Illinois, Debs and other influential union leaders together with Bill Haywood, chief of the Western Federation of Miners; and Daniel De Leon, leader of the Socialist Labor Party, held what Haywood known as the "Continental Congress of the working class". Haywood said: "We are here to confederate the workers of this country into a working class movement that shall have for its purpose the emancipation of the working class".[29] Debs mentioned: "We are here to perform a task so great that it appeals to our best thought, our united energies, and will enlist our most loyal support; a task in the presence of which weak men might falter and despair, but from which it is impossible to shrink without betraying the working class".[30]

Socialists break up with the Industrial Workers of the World

Although the IWW was constructed at the foundation of uniting staff of business, a rift started between the union and the Socialist Party. It began when the electoral wing of the Socialist Party, led by means of Victor Berger and Morris Hillquit, was aggravated with speeches via Haywood.[31]:156 In December 1911, Haywood informed a Lower East Side audience at New York's Cooper Union that parliamentary Socialists had been "step-at-a-time people whose every step is just a little shorter than the preceding step". It was higher, Haywood said, to "elect the superintendent of some branch of industry, than to elect some congressman to the United States Congress".[31]:157 In response, Hillquit attacked the IWW as "purely anarchistic".[31]:159

The Cooper Union speech was the start of a cut up between Haywood and the Socialist Party, leading to the break up between the factions of the IWW, one faction loyal to the Socialist Party and the opposite to Haywood.[31]:159 The rift introduced a problem for Debs, who was influential in each the IWW and the Socialist Party. The ultimate straw between Haywood and the Socialist Party came throughout the Lawrence Textile Strike, when disgusted with the verdict of the elected officers in Lawrence, Massachusetts to send police, who subsequently used their clubs on children, Haywood publicly declared that "I will not vote again" till such a circumstance was rectified.[31]:183 Haywood was purged from the National Executive Committee by passage of an amendment that centered at the direct motion and sabotage techniques advocated by way of the IWW.[31]:200 Debs was most probably the one one who may have stored Haywood's seat.[31]:199

In 1906, when Haywood were on trial for his life in Idaho, Debs had described him as "the Lincoln of Labor" and known as for Haywood to run against Theodore Roosevelt for president,[31]:109 but instances had changed and Debs, going through a cut up in the social gathering, selected to echo Hillquit's phrases, accusing the IWW of representing anarchy.[32] Debs thereafter mentioned that he had adversarial the amendment, however that once it was followed it will have to be obeyed.[31]:199 Debs remained pleasant to Haywood and the IWW after the expulsion regardless of their perceived variations over IWW ways.[32]

Debs speaking in Canton, Ohio in 1918, being arrested for sedition in a while thereafter

Prior to Haywood's dismissal, the Socialist Party club had reached an all-time high of 135,000. One 12 months later, four months after Haywood was recalled, the club dropped to 80,000. The reformists in the Socialist Party attributed the decline to the departure of the "Haywood element" and predicted that the party would recover, however it did not. In the election of 1912, many of the Socialists who had been elected to public place of work lost their seats.[31]:199

Leadership genre

Debs was famous by means of many to be a charismatic speaker who also known as on the vocabulary of Christianity and far of the oratorical genre of evangelism, even if he was typically disdainful of arranged faith.[33] Howard Zinn opined that "Debs was what every socialist or anarchist or radical should be: fierce in his convictions, kind and compassionate in his personal relations."[34][35]Heywood Broun noted in his eulogy for Debs, quoting a fellow Socialist: "That old man with the burning eyes actually believes that there can be such a thing as the brotherhood of man. And that's not the funniest part of it. As long as he's around I believe it myself".[36]

Although sometimes called "King Debs",[37] Debs himself was now not wholly relaxed with his standing as a leader. As he informed an target audience in Detroit in 1906:[38]

I'm really not a Labor Leader; I don't need you to apply me or any person else; if you are looking for a Moses to guide you out of this capitalist desert, you'll stay appropriate where you might be. I might now not lead you into the promised land if I may just, because if I led you in, some one else would lead you out. You should use your heads as well as your hands, and get yourself out of your present situation.[13]:244

Incarceration Debs with Max Eastman and Rose Pastor Stokes in 1918

Debs' speeches against the Wilson management and the conflict earned the enmity of President Woodrow Wilson, who later known as Debs a "traitor to his country".[39] On June 16, 1918, Debs made a speech in Canton, Ohio urging resistance to the military draft of World War I. He was arrested on June 30 and charged with ten counts of sedition.[40]

Wikisource has original textual content associated with this article: Debs' Speech of Sedition

His trial protection referred to as no witnesses, asking that Debs be allowed to deal with the courtroom in his protection. That unusual request was granted, and Debs spoke for two hours. He was discovered in charge on September 12. At his sentencing listening to on September 14, he again addressed the courtroom and his speech has become a classic. Heywood Broun, a liberal journalist and no longer a Debs partisan, stated it was "one of the most beautiful and moving passages in the English language. He was for that one afternoon touched with inspiration. If anyone told me that tongues of fire danced upon his shoulders as he spoke, I would believe it".[41] Debs stated in phase:[42]

Your honor, I have mentioned in this court that I am adverse to the form of our provide government; that I am antagonistic to the social device in which we are living; that I imagine in the trade of both but through completely peaceful and orderly method....

I'm considering this morning of the boys in the mills and factories; I'm pondering of the women who, for a paltry wage, are forced to figure out their lives; of the little kids who, in the program, are robbed of their early life, and in their early, gentle years, are seized in the remorseless take hold of of Mammon, and compelled into the industrial dungeons, there to feed the machines whilst they themselves are being starved frame and soul....

Your honor, I ask no mercy, I plead for no immunity. I notice that in the end the best will have to prevail. I never extra fully comprehended than now the nice combat between the powers of greed on the one hand and upon the other the emerging hosts of freedom. I will see the dawn of a greater day of humanity. The persons are awakening. In due direction of time they're going to come into their very own.

When the mariner, crusing over tropic seas, looks for relief from his weary watch, he turns his eyes towards the Southern Cross, burning luridly above the tempest-vexed ocean. As the nighttime approaches the Southern Cross starts to bend, and the whirling worlds trade their places, and with starry finger-points the Almighty marks the passage of Time upon the dial of the universe; and despite the fact that no bell would possibly beat the glad tidings, the look-out knows that the middle of the night is passing – that relief and rest are close at hand.

Let the folk take center and hope in every single place, for the move is bending, middle of the night is passing, and pleasure cometh with the morning.

Debs was sentenced on September 18, 1918 to 10 years in prison and was additionally disenfranchised for existence.[1] Debs offered what has been referred to as his best-remembered statement at his sentencing hearing:[43]

Your Honor, years in the past I identified my kinship with all dwelling beings, and I determined that I was now not one bit higher than the meanest on earth. I said then, and I say now, that whilst there's a decrease class, I am in it, and while there is a legal element, I'm of it, and while there's a soul in jail, I'm really not unfastened.

Debs appealed his conviction to the Supreme Court. In its ruling on Debs v. United States, the court examined a number of statements Debs had made regarding World War I and socialism. While Debs had in moderation worded his speeches in an try to agree to the Espionage Act, the Court discovered he had the intention and effect of obstructing the draft and armed forces recruitment. Among other issues, the Court cited Debs' reward for those imprisoned for obstructing the draft. Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr. said in his opinion that little attention was wanted since Debs' case was essentially the similar as that of Schenck v. United States, in which the Court had upheld a equivalent conviction.

Clifford Berryman's cool animated film depiction of Debs' 1920 presidential run from prison

Debs went to jail on April 13, 1919.[4] In protest of his jailing, Charles Ruthenberg led a parade of unionists, socialists, anarchists and communists to march on May 1 (May Day) in Cleveland, Ohio. The event briefly broke into the violent May Day riots of 1919.

Debs ran for president in the 1920 election while in prison in Atlanta, Georgia, on the Atlanta Federal Penitentiary. He gained 919,799[44] votes (3.4%),[45] rather not up to he had won in 1912, when he received 6%, the very best quantity of votes for a Socialist Party presidential candidate in the United States.[4][46] During his time in jail, Debs wrote a sequence of columns deeply critical of the jail system. They appeared in sanitized shape in the Bell Syndicate and were printed in his best e book, Walls and Bars, with a number of added chapters. It was printed posthumously.[1]

In March 1919, President Wilson requested Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer for his opinion on clemency, offering his personal: "I doubt the wisdom and public effect of such an action". Palmer typically liked freeing other folks convicted beneath the wartime security acts, but if he consulted with Debs' prosecutors – even those with information as defenders of civil liberties – they confident him that Debs' conviction was right kind and his sentence suitable.[47] The President and his Attorney General each believed that public opinion antagonistic clemency and that freeing Debs could reinforce Wilson's opponents in the debate over the ratification of the peace treaty. Palmer proposed clemency in August and October 1920 without good fortune.[48] At one level, Wilson wrote:

While the flower of American youth was pouring out its blood to vindicate the motive of civilization, this man, Debs, stood behind the strains sniping, attacking, and denouncing them....This guy was a traitor to his country and he'll by no means be pardoned during my management.[39]

In January 1921, Palmer, bringing up Debs' deteriorating well being, proposed to Wilson that Debs receive a presidential pardon freeing him on February 12, Lincoln's birthday. Wilson returned the forms after writing "Denied" across it.[13]:405

Debs leaving the federal detention center in Atlanta on Christmas Day 1921 following commutation of his sentence

On December 23, 1921, President Warren G. Harding commuted Debs' sentence to time served, efficient Christmas Day. He did not issue a pardon. A White House observation summarized the administration's view of Debs' case:

There is not any question of his guilt....He was under no circumstances as rabid and outspoken in his expressions as many others, and but for his prominence and the resulting far-reaching impact of his phrases, very almost certainly may now not have gained the sentence he did. He is an previous man, now not sturdy physically. He is a person of much personal appeal and ambitious personality, which qualifications make him a perilous guy calculated to lie to the unthinking and affording excuse for the ones with prison intent.[49]

Last years Debs leaving the White House the day after being released from prison in 1921

When Debs was released from the Atlanta Penitentiary, the opposite prisoners despatched him off with "a roar of cheers" and a crowd of 50,000 greeted his go back to Terre Haute to the accompaniment of band music.[50] En route house, Debs was warmly received at the White House by way of Harding, who greeted him via announcing: "Well, I've heard so damned much about you, Mr. Debs, that I am now glad to meet you personally."[51]

In 1924, Debs was nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize by means of the Finnish Socialist Karl H. Wiik at the grounds that "Debs started to work actively for peace during World War I, mainly because he considered the war to be in the interest of capitalism."[52]

He spent his last years looking to recuperate his well being, which was significantly undermined through prison confinement. In late 1926, he was admitted to Lindlahr Sanitarium in Elmhurst, Illinois.[1] He died there of middle failure on October 20, 1926, at the age of 70.[50] His frame was cremated and buried in Highland Lawn Cemetery in Terre Haute, Indiana.[53]

Legacy

Debs sitting with 5 young socialists in Chicago, with the man at the some distance appropriate, Louis Eisner, being the father of Stanford University professor Elliot Eisner

Debs helped encourage the American Left to organize political opposition to companies and World War I. American socialists, communists, and anarchists honor his paintings for the labor movement and motivation to have the common operating man construct socialism with out huge state involvement.[54] Several books had been written about his life as an inspirational American socialist.

Vermont senator and presidential candidate Bernie Sanders has long been an admirer of Debs[55] and produced in 1979 a documentary[56] about Debs which was released as a film and an audio LP report as an audio-visual teaching assist. In the documentary, he described Debs as "probably the most effective and popular leader that the American working class has ever had".[57][58][59] Sanders hung a portrait of Debs in city corridor in Burlington, Vermont when he served as mayor of the town in the 1980s[60] and has a plaque dedicated to Debs in his Congressional place of work.[58]

On May 22, 1962, Debs' house was bought for ,500 by way of the Eugene V. Debs Foundation, which worked to preserve it as a Debs memorial. In 1965 it was designated as an reputable ancient web page of the state of Indiana, and in 1966 it was designated as a National Historic Landmark of the United States. The preservation of the museum is monitored by way of the National Park Service. In 1990, the Department of Labor named Debs a member of its Labor Hall of Fame.[61]

While Debs did not leave a set of papers to a school library, the pamphlet collection which he and his brother accumulated is held by Indiana State University in Terre Haute. The scholar Bernard Brommel, author of a 1978 biography of Debs, has donated his biographical analysis fabrics to the Newberry Library in Chicago, where they're open to researchers.[62] The unique manuscript of Debs' e-book Walls and Bars, with handwritten amendments, possibly through Debs, is held in the Thomas J. Morgan Papers in the Special Collections department of the University of Chicago Library.[63]

The the city of Debs, Minnesota is named after Debs.[64]

Former New York radio station WEVD (now ESPN radio) was named in his honor.[65]

Debs Place, a housing block in Co-op City in the Bronx, New York, was named in his honor.[66]

The Eugene V. Debs Cooperative House in Ann Arbor, Michigan was named after Debs.[67]

There are at least two beers named after Debs, namely Debs' Red Ale[68] and Eugene.[69]

Representation in different media

John Dos Passos included Debs as a historical determine in his U.S.A. Trilogy. Debs is featured amongst other figures in the forty second Parallel (1930). His affiliation with the Industrial Workers of the World brought on movements by means of such fictional characters in the radical as Mac.[70] Fifty Years Before Your Eyes (1950) is a documentary together with ancient pictures of Debs, amongst others, directed via Robert Youngson.[71] The narrator of Hocus Pocus via Kurt Vonnegut is known as Eugene Debs Hartke in honor of Debs (p. 1). Debs appears in the Southern Victory Series novels The Great War: Breakthroughs and American Empire: Blood and Iron through Harry Turtledove. Democratic Socialist Bernie Sanders voices Debs in a 1979 documentary about his political occupation.[72][73] The trade historical past assortment Back in the USSA by Kim Newman and Eugene Byrne is ready in an international where Debs leads a communist revolution in the United States in 1917. A likeness of Eugene retaining a beer keg above his head seems on a lager can from Revolution Brewing.[74]

Works

Locomotive Firemen's Magazine (editor, 1880–1894). Vol. 4 (1880) | Vol. 5 (1881) | Vol. 6 (1882) | Vol. 7 (1883) | Vol. 8 (1884) | Vol. 9 (1885) | Vol. 10 (1886) | Vol. 11 (1887) | Vol. 12 (1888) | Vol. 13 (1889) | Vol. 14 (1890) | Vol. 15 (1891) | Vol. 16 (1892) | Vol. 17 (1893) | Vol. 18 (1894) . Debs: His Life, Writings, and Speeches: With a Department of Appreciations (1908). Girard, Kansas: Appeal to Reason. Labor and Freedom (1916). St. Louis: Phil Wagner. Audio model. Letters of Eugene V. Debs. J. Robert Constantine (ed.). In Three Volumes. Urbana: University of Illinois Press. —Abridged single volume model revealed as Gentle Rebel: Letters of Eugene V. Debs. (1995). Selected Works of Eugene V. Debs. Tim Davenport and David Walters (eds.). Volume 1, Building Solidarity at the Tracks, 1877–1892. (2019). Chicago: Haymarket Books. Volume 2, The Rise and Fall of the American Railway Union, 1892–1896. (2020). Chicago: Haymarket Books, 2020. "Susan B. Anthony: Pioneer of Freedom" (July 1917). Pearson's Magazine. 38: 1. pp. 5–7. Walls and Bars: Prisons and Prison Life In The "Land Of The Free" (1927). Chicago: Socialist Party of America.

See additionally

Debs v. United States In re Debs List of civil rights leaders List of other folks pardoned or granted clemency by means of the president of the United States

References

^ a b c d e .mw-parser-output cite.quotationfont-style:inherit.mw-parser-output .citation qquotes:"\"""\"""'""'".mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .quotation .cs1-lock-free abackground:linear-gradient(transparent,clear),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")appropriate 0.1em middle/9px no-repeat.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .quotation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration abackground:linear-gradient(clear,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em heart/9px no-repeat.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .quotation .cs1-lock-subscription abackground:linear-gradient(clear,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")correct 0.1em center/9px no-repeat.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registrationcolor:#555.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration spanborder-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon abackground:linear-gradient(clear,clear),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em middle/12px no-repeat.mw-parser-output code.cs1-codecolour:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-errorshow:none;font-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-errorfont-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-maintdisplay:none;colour:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em.mw-parser-output .cs1-formatfont-size:95%.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-leftpadding-left:0.2em.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-rightpadding-right:0.2em.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflinkfont-weight:inherit"Eugene V. Debs". Time. November 1, 1926. Archived from the original on October 12, 2007. Retrieved August 21, 2007. As it must to all men, Death came final week to Eugene Victor Debs, Socialist ^ a b c d Roberts, Bill. "The Socialist Worker". Archived from the unique on March 10, 2008. Retrieved July 19, 2007. ^ a b c d e f g h "Biographical: Eugene V. Debs," Railway Times [Chicago], vol. 2, no. 17 (Sept. 2, 1895), p. 2. ^ a b c d e "Eugene Victor Debs 1855–1926". Archived from the original on May 5, 2008. Retrieved July 22, 2008. ^ Shannon, David A. (1951). "Eugene V. Debs: Conservative Labor Editor". Indiana Magazine of History. 47 (4): 357–64. JSTOR 27787982. ^ Reitano, Joanne (2003). "Railroad Strike of 1888". In Schlup, Leonard C.; Ryan, James G. (eds.). Historical Dictionary of the Gilded Age. Armonk, New York; London: M.E. Sharpe. p. 405. ISBN 9780765621061. Archived from the unique on August 21, 2020. Retrieved January 26, 2017. ^ "American Railway Union Officers". Salt Lake Herald. 47 (273). April 18, 1893. p. 2. Archived from the original on February 8, 2018. Retrieved February 7, 2018 – by way of Newspapers.com. ^ Latham, Charles. "Eugene V. Debs Papers, 1881–1940" (PDF). Indiana Historical Society. Archived (PDF) from the original on June 9, 2013. Retrieved November 5, 2012. ^ "Embracing More Railroads; Pullman Boycott Extending, The Men Being Determined. Big Lines West of Chicago Crippled by the Action of the Strikers, Who Will Endeavor to Bring in All Labor Organizations – Estimated that 40,000 of the Workers Are Out – May Change Headquarters to St. Louis – The Managers Stand Firm". The New York Times. June 29, 1894. Archived from the unique on August 21, 2020. Retrieved February 7, 2017. ^ "Editorial". The New York Times. July 9, 1894. p. 4. 'Organized labor' makes a miserable showing in its makes an attempt to give support and comfort to the Anarchists at Chicago....The truth is that every hard work union guy in the City of New-York is aware of that he becomes a legal the moment he places himself at the side of Debs or attempts to sustain Debs by means of quitting paintings to show sympathy for the strikes and the riots Debs has provoked. When he sent his dispatch to the railway laborers in Buffalo Debs was a misdemeanant under the Penal Code of this State....He is a lawbreaker at huge, an enemy of the human race. There has been quite enough discuss warrants against him and about arresting him. It is time to stop mouthings and start. Debs must be jailed, if there are jails in his community, and the disorder his dangerous teaching has engendered will have to be squelched. ^ Lindsey, Almont (1964). The Pullman strike: the story of a singular experiment and of an excellent hard work. University of Chicago Press. p. 312. ISBN 9780226483832. Retrieved October 29, 2015. ^ Chace, James (2004). 1912: Wilson, Roosevelt, Taft & Debs – the election that modified the country. New York: Simon & Schuster. pp. 80, 78. ISBN 9780743203944. ^ a b c Ray Ginger (1949). The Bending Cross: A Biography of Eugene Victor Debs. Rutgers University Press. Retrieved October 24, 2016. ^ Farrell, John A. (2011). Clarence Darrow: Attorney for the Damned. Knopf Doubleday. ISBN 9780385534512. ^ a b c Debs, Eugene V. (April 1902). "How I Became a Socialist". The Comrade. Archived from the unique on November 11, 2011 – by means of marxists.org. ^ "Eugene V. Debs. Obituary". Time. 8 (18). November 1926. p. 14. Archived from the unique on October 12, 2007. Retrieved September 7, 2007. ^ Kate Debs gave the impression to had been so adverse to Debs's socialist activities – it threatened her sense of middle-class respectability – that novelist Irving Stone was led to name her, in the identify of his fictional portrayal of the existence of Debs, the Adversary in the House. (Daniel Bell, Marxian Socialism in the United States, footnote on p. 88) ^ "College of Education". Archived from the original on October 14, 2006. ^ a b "Social Democratic Herald". www.marxists.org. Archived from the unique on March 3, 2019. Retrieved March 3, 2019. ^ Frederic Heath, Socialism in America (aka Social Democracy Red Book). Terre Haute, IN: Debs Publishing Co., 1900; p. 1. ^ Ira Kipnis, The American Socialist Movement, 1897–1912. New York: Columbia University Press, 1952; p. 62. ^ Greeley, Horace; Cleveland, John Fitch; Ottarson, F. J.; McPherson, Edward; Schem, Alexander Jacob; Rhoades, Henry Eckford (June 2, 2018). "The Tribune Almanac and Political Register". Tribune Association. Archived from the unique on April 5, 2019. Retrieved June 2, 2018 – via Google Books. ^ "1900 Presidential General Election Results". Archived from the unique on November 2, 2008. Retrieved July 22, 2008. ^ a b 1904 Presidential General Election Results Archived 2007-09-30 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved July 21, 2008. ^ a b 1908 Presidential General Election Results Archived 2008-11-01 on the Wayback Machine. Retrieved July 22, 2008. ^ a b 1912 Presidential General Election Results Archived 2019-04-06 at the Wayback Machine, U.S. Election Atlas, David Leip. Retrieved January 5, 2019. ^ a b 1920 Presidential General Election Results Archived 2017-04-21 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved July 10, 2020. ^ Chace, James (2005). 1912: Wilson, Roosevelt, Taft and Debs – The Election that Changed the Country. Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0-7432-7355-9. ^ The Autobiography of Big Bill Haywood, 1929, by William D. Haywood, p. 181. ^ "Eugene V. Debs Speech at the Founding of the IWW". Documents for the Study of American History. Archived from the unique on March 8, 2008. Retrieved July 29, 2008. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Carlson, Peter (1983). Roughneck: The Life and Times of Big Bill Haywood. New York: W.W. Norton. ^ a b William D. Haywood, The Autobiography of Big Bill Haywood. New York: International Publishers, 1929; p. 279. ^ Salvatore, Nick (1982). Eugene V. Debs:Citizen and Socialist. Illini Books. ^ Zinn, Howard (January 1999). "The Progressive magazine". Retrieved February 21, 2020. Cite journal requires |magazine= (help) ^ Gillespie, David J. (December 7, 2012). Doctrinal Parties 1: The Socialists and Communists."Challengers to Duopoly: Why Third Parties Matter in American Two-party Politics. South Carolina: Univ of South Carolina Press. p. 176. ISBN 9781611171129. Retrieved February 21, 2020. ^ McGuiggan, Jim. "Jesus and Eugene Debs". JimMcGuiggan.com. Archived from the unique on January 27, 2011. Retrieved July 21, 2008. ^ ""King" Debs". Harper's Weekly. July 14, 1894. Archived from the unique on May 5, 2006. Retrieved April 21, 2006. ^ "Learn About Eugene Debs". Texas Labor. Archived from the unique on July 25, 2008. Retrieved July 21, 2008. ^ a b Burl Noggle, Into the Twenties: The United States shape Armistice to Normalcy (University of Illinois Press, 1974), 113 ^ "Eugene V. Debs and the Idea of Socialism". www.marxists.org. Archived from the unique on July 15, 2018. Retrieved June 2, 2018. ^ David Pietrusza, 1920: The Year of Six Presidents. New York: Carroll and Graf, 2007; pp. 267–69. ^ Pietrusza, 1920, pp. 269–270. ^ "Statement to the Court Upon Being Convicted of Violating the Sedition Act". Marxists.org. Archived from the original on August 3, 2008. Retrieved July 21, 2008. ^ Kennedy, David (2006). The American Pageant. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin. p. 716. ^ "Election of 1920". Travel and History. Archived from the original on February 17, 2010. Retrieved September 19, 2009. ^ "Election of 1912". Travel and History. Archived from the unique on February 10, 2010. Retrieved September 19, 2009. ^ Coben, Stanley (1963). A. Mitchell Palmer: Politician. New York: Columbia University Press. p. 200–203. ISBN 9780306702082. ^ Coben, 202 ^ "Harding Frees Debs and 23 Others Held for War Violations". The New York Times. December 24, 1921. Archived from the unique on September 14, 2010. Retrieved March 3, 2010. ^ a b "Eugene V. Debs Dies After Long Illness". New York Times. October 21, 1926. Archived from the original on July 23, 2018. Retrieved May 17, 2008. ^ John Wesley Dean, Warren G. Harding (NY: Henry Holt, 2004) 128 ^ Nobel Foundation. "The Nomination Database for the Nobel Prize in Peace, 1901–1955". Archived from the original on September 29, 2007. Retrieved April 21, 2006. ^ "Debs Foundation". Archived from the original on May 9, 2011. Retrieved April 23, 2011. ^ "Eugene V. Debs hero". Thirdworldtraveler.com. Archived from the unique on January 18, 2000. Retrieved March 8, 2010. ^ Bouie, Jamelle (October 22, 2019). "Opinion | The Enduring Power of Anticapitalism in American Politics" – via The New York Times. ^ Bernie Sanders' 1979 Eugene Debs Documentary – via YouTube. ^ Greenberg, David (September 2015). "Can Bernie Keep Socialism Alive?". Politico. Archived from the unique on May 6, 2018. Retrieved May 5, 2018. ^ a b Bates, Eric (October 16, 2016). "Bernie Looks Ahead". The New Republic. Archived from the unique on May 6, 2018. Retrieved May 5, 2018. ^ Prokop, Andrew (April 30, 2015). "Bernie Sanders vs. the billionaires". Vox. Archived from the original on May 6, 2018. Retrieved May 5, 2018. ^ Fahrenthold, David (July 25, 2015). "Bernie Sanders is in with the enemy, some old allies say". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on June 28, 2018. Retrieved May 5, 2018. ^ "U.S. Department of Labor – Labor Hall of Fame – Eugene V. Debs". United States Department of Labor. Archived from the original on June 6, 2011. Retrieved April 6, 2010. ^ Alison Hinderliter,"Inventory of the Bernard J. Brommel-Eugene V. Debs Papers, 1886–2003" Archived 2011-01-06 at the Wayback Machine, Roger and Julie Baskes Department of Special Collections, Newberry Library, Chicago, Illinois, 2004. ^ Gerald Friedberg, "Sources for the Study of Socialism in America, 1901–1919," Labor History, vol. 6, no. 2 (Spring 1965), p. 161. ^ "Tiny town of Debs draws big crowd to Fourth of July celebration". The Bemidji Pioneer. July 5, 2011. Archived from the original on April 22, 2014. Retrieved October 14, 2013. ^ Louise M. Benjamin, Freedom of the Air and the Public Interest: First Amendment Rights in Broadcasting to 1935 (Southern Illinois University, 2001), 182 ^ Max Mitchell (February 17, 2011). "Glenn Beck disses Co-op City". Bronx Times. Archived from the original on October 16, 2013. Retrieved October 14, 2013. ^ "Eugene V. Debs Cooperative House". Inter-Cooperative Council at the University of Michigan. Archived from the unique on October 16, 2013. Retrieved October 14, 2013. ^ "Debs' Red Ale". Bell's Beer. Archived from the original on August 24, 2013. Retrieved October 14, 2013. ^ "Revolution-Eugene". Ratebeer.com. Archived from the unique on October 27, 2013. Retrieved October 14, 2013. ^ Dos Passos, John. U.S.A. New York: Literary Classics of the United States, 1996 ^ Fifty Years earlier than Your Eyes Archived 2019-01-18 on the Wayback Machine, IMDB ^ Bernard Sanders; American People's Historical Society (1979). Debs (Videotape). Other aspect of American history. New York: Devlin Productions. OCLC 5014706. Archived from the unique on April 18, 2016. Retrieved April 27, 2016. ^ "Bernie Sanders's Documentary on Eugene Debs". National Review Online. Archived from the original on March 10, 2016. Retrieved April 11, 2016. ^ "Eugene Porter – Revolution Brewing". Revolution Brewing. May 31, 2018. Archived from the unique on February 6, 2018. Retrieved June 2, 2018.

Further reading

Bernard J. Brommel (Fall 1971). "Debs's Cooperative Commonwealth Plan for Workers". Labor History. 12: 4. pp. 560–569. doi:10.1080/00236567108584180 Bernard J. Brommel (1978). Eugene V. Debs: Spokesman for Labor and Socialism. Chicago: Charles H. Kerr Publishing Co. Dave Burns (2008). "The Soul of Socialism: Christianity, Civilization, and Citizenship in the Thought of Eugene Debs". Labor. 5: 2. pp. 83–116. doi:10.1215/15476715-2007-082 Lepore, Jill (February 18–25, 2019). "The Fireman". The New Yorker. pp. 88–92. McAlister Coleman (1930). Eugene V. Debs: A Man Unafraid. New York: Greenberg. J. Robert Constantine; Gail Malmgreen, eds. (1983). The Papers of Eugene V. Debs, 1834–1945: A Guide to the Microfilm Edition. Microfilming Corporation of America. Ray Ginger (1949). The Bending Cross: A Biography of Eugene Victor Debs. Rutgers University Press. Herbert M. Morais; William Cahn (1948). Eugene Debs: The Story of a Fighting American. New York: International Publishers. Ronald Radosh, ed. (1971). Great Lives Observed: Debs. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall. Alexander Trachtenberg, ed. (1955). The Heritage of Gene Debs (PDF). New York: International Publishers. Nicholas Anthony Salvatore (1977). A Generation in Transition: Eugene V. Debs and the Emergence of Modern Corporate America. PhD dissertation. University of California, Berkeley. Nick Salvatore (1984). Eugene V. Debs: Citizen and Socialist. Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press. Irving Stone (1947). Adversary in the House. New York: Doubleday. —Historical fiction.

External links

Eugene V. Debsat Wikipedia's sister projectsMedia from Wikimedia CommonsQuotations from WikiquoteTexts from WikisourceSources from WikiversityData from Wikidata Eugene V. Debs Foundation Museum and memorial in Deb's house from 1890 until his dying in 1926 Works via Eugene V. Debs at Project Gutenberg Works through Eugene V. Debs at LibriVox (public domain audiobooks) Works via or about Eugene V. Debs at Internet Archive Eugene V. Debs Collection at Wabash Valley Visions and Voices Digital Memory Project. 6,000 PDFs of Debs-related correspondence. Eugene V. Debs at the Marxists Internet Archive. The Debs Project: Eugene V. Dabs Selected Works. Informational website. Photos of Debs at Indiana State University Library 1921 film of Eugene Debs departing Atlanta detention center and exiting White House after visiting Harding Bernard J. Brommel – Eugene V. Debs Papers at the Newberry Library Eugene Debs and the Kingdom of Evil. Chris Hedges for Truthdig. July 16, 2017. Kyle Anthony: "Debs, Eugene V.", in: 1914-1918-online. International Encyclopedia of the First World War. Eugene Debs: "How I Became a Socialist". Jacobin. March 28, 2021.Party political offices New political occasion Socialist nominee for President of the United States1900, 1904, 1908, 1912 Succeeded throughAllan L. Benson Preceded throughAllan L. Benson Socialist nominee for President of the United States1920 Succeeded viaRobert M. La FolletteEndorsed vteSocialist Party of AmericaPresidential tickets 1904, Debs/Hanford 1908, Debs/Hanford 1912, Debs/Seidel 1916, Benson/Kirkpatrick 1920, Debs/Stedman 1924, Endorsed Progressive Party ticket 1928, Thomas/Maurer 1932, Thomas/Maurer 1936, Thomas/Nelson 1940, Thomas/Krueger 1944, Thomas/Hoopes 1948, Thomas/Smith 1952, Hoopes/Friedman 1956, Hoopes/FriedmanParties by means of stateand territoryState California Colorado Connecticut Florida Kansas Louisiana Maine Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Missouri New Jersey New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Texas Washington (state) WisconsinRelated topics History of the socialist motion in the United States Social Democratic Federation Social Democratic Party of America Socialist Party USA Committee for the Preservation of the Socialist Party Democratic Socialist Organizing Committee Social Democrats, USA Young People's Socialist League English-language press of the Socialist Party of America Non-English press of the Socialist Party of America Democratic socialism Social democracy vteHistorical left-wing 1/3 get together U.S. presidential ticketsPresidentialtickets thatwon at leastone percent ofthe nationalpopular voteGreenback Peter Cooper/Samuel F. Cary (1876) James B. Weaver/Barzillai J. Chambers (1880) Benjamin Butler/Absolom M. West (1884)Union Labor Alson Streeter/Charles E. Cunningham (1888)Populist James B. Weaver/James G. Field (1892) William Jennings Bryan/Thomas E. Watson (1896)Socialist Eugene V. Debs/Ben Hanford (1904 and 1908) Eugene V. Debs/Emil Seidel (1912) Allan L. Benson/George R. Kirkpatrick (1916) Eugene V. Debs/Seymour Stedman (1920) Norman Thomas/James H. Maurer (1932)Progressive (1912) Theodore Roosevelt/Hiram Johnson (1912)Progressive (1924) Robert M. La Follette/Burton Okay. Wheeler (1924)Union William Lemke/Thomas C. O'Brien (1936)Progressive (1948) Henry A. Wallace/Glen H. Taylor (1948)Other notableleft-wing parties Socialist Labor Party of America Social Democratic Party of America Independence Party Farmer–Labor Party Communist Party USA Socialist Workers Party Liberty Party People's Party Citizens Party New Alliance Party Third celebration performances in presidential elections Labor history of the United States Liberalism in the United States Progressivism in the United States Socialism in the United States vte(1908 ←) 1912 United States presidential election (→ 1916)Democratic PartyConventionNominee Woodrow WilsonVP nominee Thomas R. MarshallCandidates Champ Clark Judson Harmon Oscar Underwood Thomas R. Marshall Eugene FossRepublican PartyConventionNominee William Howard TaftVP nominee Nicholas Murray Butler James S. ShermanCandidates Theodore Roosevelt Robert M. La FolletteProgressive PartyConventionNominee Theodore RooseveltVP nominee Hiram JohnsonSocialist PartyNominee Eugene V. DebsVP nominee Emil SeidelThird occasion and impartial candidatesProhibition PartyNominee Eugene W. ChafinVP nominee Aaron S. WatkinsSocialist Labor PartyNominee Arthur E. ReimerVP nominee August Gillhaus Other 1912 elections: House Senate Authority keep watch over BIBSYS: 98033868 BNF: cb119433812 (information) CANTIC: a11661732 GND: 119151499 ISNI: 0000 0001 1060 5386 LCCN: n50040439 LNB: 000171092 NARA: 10580923 NKC: skuk0000300 NLA: 35034484 NLG: 279394 NLI: 000605312, 000409724, 000605313, 001435827 NTA: 143286552 SELIBR: 137463 SNAC: w60d5k54 SUDOC: 027379337 Trove: 806963 VIAF: 46769189 WorldCat Identities: lccn-n50040439 Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eugene_V._Debs&oldid=1016109145"

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